A chromatographic column is the fundamental element required for gas-chromatographic analysis. The separation of components coming from complex mixtures, prior to their detection was leading to a prominent revolution in different areas of science. Moreover, current advances in gas chromatographic (GC) columns technology and development have been providing almost unlimited possibilities for analysis employing diverse matrices. We aim through this review article to describe the evolution of chromatographic columns, by pointing the most important stages, as well as the new trends and future perspectives predicted for the new generation of GC columns. Furthermore, it was in our scope to present the main fundamentals regarding the theoretical relationships that describe the chromatographic separation, to introduce concepts related to columns selection in accordance with the required application as well as to discuss the available evaluation parameters for columns efficiency. Consequently, the early stages of first columns preparation up to the development of GC capillary columns used nowadays, together with examples of their applications are also reported and described in detail.
Keywords: GC columns characterization; GC columns evaluation; MEMS; MOF.