Introduction: Multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli and Klebsiella infections are rising. IL-1β has been implicated in the differentiation of symptomatic and asymptomatic urinary tract infections, but its role in MDR infections has not been elucidated.
Material and methods: Urinary IL-1β levels were analysed by ELISA.
Results: Urinary IL-1β levels were statistically higher in patients with bacterial burden compared to controls and also in patients with MDR bacterial infections compared to those with multidrug-sensitive bacterial infections.
Conclusions: Urinary IL-1β levels might be a useful tool to identify patients with challenging MDR bacterial infections.
Keywords: E. coli; IL-1β; Klebsiella; Multidrug resistant; Urinary tract infections.