Protein kinases are critical regulators of signaling cascades that control cellular proliferation, growth, survival, metabolism, migration, and invasion. Deregulation of kinase activity can lead to aberrant regulation of biological processes and to the onset of diseases, including cancer. In this review, we focus on oncogenic kinases and the signaling pathways they regulate that underpin tumor development. We highlight genomic biomarker-based precision medicine intervention strategies that match kinase inhibitors alone or in combination to mutationally activated kinase drivers, as well as progress towards implementation of these treatment strategies in the clinic. We also discuss the challenges for identification of novel protein kinase cancer drivers in the genomic era.
Keywords: driver mutation; kinases; oncogenes; precision therapies; signal transduction; therapy resistance.