Ultrasonic assisted functionalization of MWCNT and synergistic electrocatalytic effect of nano-hydroxyapatite incorporated MWCNT-chitosan scaffolds for sensing of nitrofurantoin

Sethupathi Velmurugan; Selvakumar Palanisamy; Thomas C-K Yang; Munkhjargal Gochoo; Shih-Wen Chen

doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104863

Ultrasonic assisted functionalization of MWCNT and synergistic electrocatalytic effect of nano-hydroxyapatite incorporated MWCNT-chitosan scaffolds for sensing of nitrofurantoin

Ultrason Sonochem. 2020 Apr:62:104863. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104863. Epub 2019 Nov 5.

Authors

Sethupathi Velmurugan¹, Selvakumar Palanisamy², Thomas C-K Yang³, Munkhjargal Gochoo⁴, Shih-Wen Chen¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
² Center of Precision Analysis and Material Research, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: prmselva@gmail.com.
³ Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Precision Analysis and Material Research, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: ckyang@mail.ntut.edu.tw.
⁴ Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, College of Information Technology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.

PMID: 31806550
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104863

Abstract

In the present work, we report the fabrication of stable composite of chitosan hydrogels (CHI) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) using a simple ultrasonic-assisted method. Also, rod-like hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA NPs) were synthesised using a hydrothermal route and were incorporated into the highly conductive MWCNT-CHI scaffolds using an ultrasonication method. The functionalization of MWCNT and preparation of HA NPs on MWCNT-CHI nanocomposite were done using the sonication over the frequency of 37 kHz with the ultrasonic power capable of 150 W (Elmasonic Easy 60H bath sonicator). The resulting hybrid HA NPs/MWCNT-CHI nanocomposites have an excellent surface area and high surface to volume ratio, which leads to the sensitive detection of nitrofurantoin than pristine MWCNT and HA NPs. The complete elemental and morphological analyses of the HA NPs/MWCNT-CHI nanocomposites were characterised by XRD, FTIR, RAMAN, FESEM, TEM, EDX, and elemental mapping techniques. Electrochemical analysis of the HA NPs/MWCNT-CHI nanocomposites was carried out by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and amperometry methods. The modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) of HA NPs/MWCNT-CHI nanocomposites exhibit the nitrofurantoin detection activity at the linear range of 0.005-982.1 µM with the detection limit of 1.3 nM. The synergistic electrocatalytic activity of HA NPs/MWCNT-CHI nanocomposites modified GCE is correlated to the sensitivity of 0.16 µAµM^-1 cm^-2 with excellent precision and accuracy towards the sensing of nitrofurantoin.

Keywords: Electrocatalyst; Hydroxyapatite nanocomposite; MWCNT-CHI scaffolds; Nitrofurantoin sensor; Ultrasonic functionalization.