The work aims at studying the effect of the autologous bone marrow aspirate concentrate on regeneration of the sciatic nerve and atrophy of m. tibialis cranialis. We have simulated autografting of the sciatic nerve in rabbits with application of bone marrow aspirate concentrate around the graft area. We obtained autologous aspirate (2mL) from the proximal part of the femur, added dextrosecitrate (1:8), centrifuged it, and added 0.1 of bovine thrombine to 1.0 mL of supraerythrocytic fraction to obtain gel. On days 30 and 90 we assessed the rate of the sciatic nervere generation and morphological changes of the m.tibialis cranialis as well as the content of products of oxidative modification of lipids and proteins (TBA-active products, diene conjugates and carbonyl groups, respectively) and activity of antioxidant enzymatic system (catalase, glutathion peroxidase, glutathione reductase) in this muscle. Evaluation of the nerve fibers regeneration through the sciatic nerve graft 1 cm long showed that 16.0% of them had regenerated into the graft by day 30 and 60.3% by day 90, with 34.7% having regenerated into the distal stump. Application of bone marrow aspirate concentrate had significantly increased regeneration by day 30, amounting to 31.9% in the graft and up to 8.7% in the distal stump and up to 68.0% and 60.1% by day 90 respectively. Prolonged nerve regeneration resulted in progressive muscle atrophy, with decrease of muscular fibers content up to 68.2% and 27.8%. In the group with aspirate concentrate hypothrophy was delayed (% of muscle fibers being 82.8% and57.2%). The content of peroxidation products has dramatically increased by day 30 and has decreased by day 90 with activation of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes (with catalase activity being significantly high in all the terms).We have also observed decreased oxidative modification of lipids and proteins in the aspirate concentrate group, with additional increase of glutathione peroxidase activity demonstrating the supportive effect of the aspirate cells.