Helicobacter pylori infection is a worldwide health problem, presenting with gastrointestinal (GI) or extra GI symptoms. The infection is more common in developing than developed countries. Crowded families, paternal education level, and socioeconomic status are among the risk factors of H. pylori infection. The infection is associated with some diseases such as iron-deficiency anemia, B12 deficiency, acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Invasive and non-invasive tests could be used for diagnosis, while the gold standard is a biopsy specimen of GI tract. Nodular gastritis is the most common finding of childhood H. pylori infection. Based on the susceptibility profile and compliance, different treatment options could be applied.