Background: Mullerian duct cysts are considered to be part of the urogenital cysts. Mullerian cysts, anatomically distant to the genitourinary organs or the pelvis, are extremely rare entities.
Material and methods: Case report and review of the literature using key word "Mullerian cyst", "retroperitoneal" and "mediastinal".
Results: A 48-year-old woman with abdominal discomfort and nausea was referred to our hospital. Further work-up with CT and MRI showed a large retrogastric, retropancreatic cyst, herniating through the diaphragm in the mediastinum. As etiology was unsure, a laparoscopic cystectomy was performed. Histological examination showed a benign cyst of Mullerian origin. A review of the literature confirmed that extrapelvic Mullerian cysts are rare, with only 28 mediastinal cysts and 12 extrapelvic retroperitoneal cysts being described.
Conclusion: Retroperitoneal Mullerian cysts outside the pelvis have infrequently been described in the literature. As correct preoperative diagnosis is seldom possible, surgical resection is the gold standard of treatment.
Keywords: Mullerian cyst; laparoscopy; mediastinal; retroperitoneal.