Clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis among HIV seropositive patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Fayez Hussain Niazi; Pradeep Koppolu; Syed Bilal Tanvir; Abdulaziz Samran; Ali Alqerban

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101608

Clinical efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis among HIV seropositive patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020 Mar:29:101608. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101608. Epub 2019 Nov 23.

Authors

Fayez Hussain Niazi¹, Pradeep Koppolu², Syed Bilal Tanvir², Abdulaziz Samran³, Ali Alqerban⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oral Biology, Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: fayezhusniazi@gmail.com.
² Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Aluloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen.
⁴ Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 31770598
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101608

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate clinical periodontal and microbiological parameters after the treatment with adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) among HIV seropositive and seronegative patients with necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP).

Materials and methods: Seropositive patients (Group-I) and health controls (Group-II) with NUP were randomized into two groups and further underwent APDT and scaling and root planing (SRP), respectively. Clinical periodontal parameters including full mouth plaque index (FMPI), bleeding on probing (FMBOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain were assessed. Levels of bacteria including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Tannerella forsythia (Tf) were assessed using PCR technique. All assessments were done at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.

Results: All periodontal parameters including FMPI, FMBOP, PD and CAL significantly improved in both HIV seropositive and seronegative patients. The reduction in mean PD was higher only with the APDT treatment among group II patients compared to group I patients at follow-up (p < 0.05). The gain in mean CAL was higher only with the APDT treatment among group I and group II patients at follow-up (p < 0.05). All bacterial levels reduced from baseline to follow-up with both APDT and SRP treatments in both groups (p < 0.05). APDT showed significantly reduced counts of Aa and Tf at 3 months, and only Aa at 6 months among HIV seropositive patients, while the levels of Pg and Tf significantly reduced at 3 months and only Aa at 6 months in the seronegative patients, respectively (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing was effective in improving clinical periodontal parameters and bacterial levels among HIV positive patients with NUP. However, the improvement was not greater when compared with HIV seronegative patients.

Keywords: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy; Human immunodeficiency virus; Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis; Photodynamic therapy; Probing depth.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

Chronic Periodontitis* / drug therapy
Combined Modality Therapy
Dental Scaling
HIV Infections* / complications
HIV Infections* / drug therapy
Humans
Periodontitis* / drug therapy
Photochemotherapy* / methods
Photosensitizing Agents / therapeutic use
Root Planing
Treatment Outcome

Substances

Photosensitizing Agents