Community reinforcement and family training and rates of treatment entry: a systematic review

Marc Archer; Hannah Harwood; Sharon Stevelink; Laura Rafferty; Neil Greenberg

doi:10.1111/add.14901

Community reinforcement and family training and rates of treatment entry: a systematic review

Addiction. 2020 Jun;115(6):1024-1037. doi: 10.1111/add.14901. Epub 2020 Jan 3.

Authors

Marc Archer¹, Hannah Harwood¹, Sharon Stevelink^{1

2}, Laura Rafferty¹, Neil Greenberg^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ King's Centre for Military Health Research, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK.
² Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
³ Academic Department of Military Mental Health, King's College London, Weston Education Centre, London, UK.

PMID: 31770469
DOI: 10.1111/add.14901

Abstract

Background and aims: Adaptations with different modes of delivery and target addictions have found highly divergent rates of success for Community Reinforcement Approach and Family Training (CRAFT). This study aims to clarify which (1) treatment components and (2) participant characteristics contribute to rates of identified patient (IP) treatment entry.

Method: Systematic review of CRAFT evaluation studies of all designs (controlled and uncontrolled) with data synthesis and narrative analysis of addiction treatment services and university research departments in North America and Europe.

Results: A total of 691 concerned significant others (CSOs), predominately female spouses/parents, participating in 20 distinct treatment conditions from 14 studies. The main outcome of IP treatment entry rate reported by CSOs up to 12 months after starting CRAFT with key predictors/correlates including IP addiction, IP-CSO relationship, CRAFT modality and integration of treatment for IP. Meta-analysis found CRAFT to be twice as effective as controls/comparison groups. Multi-modality treatment, including both individual and group sessions, yielded the highest IP treatment entry rates (77 and 86%), with progressively lower rates for individual (12.5-71%), group (60%) and self-directed workbook (13.3-40%) modalities. While all five studies targeting gambling addiction had consistently low rates (12.5-23%), other treatment components, including therapist training, treatment fidelity and integrating treatment for the IP, were implicated.

Conclusions: Adaptations of Community Reinforcement Approach and Family Training for different delivery modalities and addictions have yielded widely varying rates of treatment engagement for the identified patient, with those offering the most comprehensive support to the concerned significant other, including individual and group sessions, having highest levels of engagement success.

Keywords: Addiction; CRAFT; community reinforcement; meta-analysis; treatment entry; treatment modality.

Publication types

Systematic Review

MeSH terms

Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Behavior, Addictive / therapy*
Europe
Family Therapy / methods*
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
North America
Patient Acceptance of Health Care / statistics & numerical data*
Reinforcement, Psychology*
Spouses
Substance-Related Disorders / therapy
Young Adult