Objective: Multi-component interventions can reduce delirium incidence. Occupational therapy (OT) has been effective in the management of dementia. We designed a real-world feasibility study of an OT intervention in the management of delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD).
Methods: We included a convenient sample of 22 patients older than 65 years of age with delirium and moderate dementia admitted to a nursing home (NH). The OT procedures were standardized according to the level of agitation or sedation of the patient and based on a structured OT evaluation. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was used to evaluate the proxy perception of performance in the daily activities at baseline and at delirium resolution.
Results: The mean age was 86.45 ± 6.46 years. The first daily treatment was delivered in the entire sample, while the second was delivered in 63.46% on day 1, 72.72% on day 2, 25% on day 3, 66.67% on day 4, 100% on days 5 and 6. The main time of the first daily treatment varied, day 1 through day 6, from 14.8 ± 8.5 to 20 ± 0 min; while the second daily treatment, in the same period, from 3.9 ± 6.7 to 20.1 ± 0 min. The mean time of the first treatment varied day 1 through day 6 from 14.8 ± 8.5 to 20 ± 0 min, while the second treatment from 3.9 ± 6.7 to 20.1 ± 0 min. The COPM proxy performance and proxy satisfaction increased from delirium onset to delirium resolution.
Conclusions: This is the first study to report the feasibility of an OT intervention for the management of DSD in a NH setting. The results are important to support future trials on delirium management in a setting often understudied and underrepresented.
Keywords: Delirium; Dementia; Nursing home; Occupational therapy; Tailor-made activity.