Proteasome-dependent degradation of Smad7 is critical for lung cancer metastasis

Cell Death Differ. 2020 Jun;27(6):1795-1806. doi: 10.1038/s41418-019-0459-6. Epub 2019 Nov 26.

Abstract

Lung cancer is one of the cancers with highest morbidity and mortality rates and the metastasis of lung cancer is a leading cause of death. Mechanisms of lung cancer metastasis are yet to be fully understood. Herein, we demonstrate that mice deficient for REGγ, a proteasome activator, exhibited a significant reduction in tumor size, numbers, and metastatic rate with prolonged survival in a conditional Kras/p53 mutant lung cancer model. REGγ enhanced the TGFβ-Smad signaling pathway by ubiquitin-ATP-independent degradation of Smad7, an inhibitor of the TGFβ pathway. Activated TGFβ signaling in REGγ-positive lung cancer cells led to diminished expression of E-cadherin, a biomarker of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMT), and elevated mesenchymal markers compared with REGγ-deficient lung cancer cells. REGγ overexpression was found in lung cancer patients with metastasis, correlating with the reduction of E-Cadherin/Smad7 and a poor prognosis. Overall, our study indicates that REGγ promotes lung cancer metastasis by activating TGF-β signaling via degradation of Smad7. Thus, REGγ may serve as a novel therapeutic target for lung cancers with poor prognosis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • A549 Cells
  • Animals
  • Antigens, CD / metabolism*
  • Cadherins / metabolism*
  • Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
  • Humans
  • Lung Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins / metabolism*
  • Smad7 Protein / metabolism*
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta / antagonists & inhibitors

Substances

  • Antigens, CD
  • CDH1 protein, human
  • Cadherins
  • Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
  • REG3G protein, human
  • SMAD7 protein, human
  • Smad7 Protein
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta