Photobodies: Light-Activatable Single-Domain Antibody Fragments

Abstract

Photocaged antibody fragments, termed photobodies, have been developed that are impaired in their antigen-binding capacity and can be activated by irradiation with UV light (365 nm). This rational design concept builds on the selective photocaging of a single tyrosine in a nanobody (a single-domain antibody fragment). Tyrosine is a frequently occurring residue in central positions of the paratope region. o-Nitrobenzyl-protected tyrosine variants were incorporated into four nanobodies, including examples directed against EGFR and HER2, and photodeprotection restores the native sequence. An anti-GFP photobody exhibited an at least 10 000-fold impaired binding affinity before photodeprotection compared with the parent nanobody. A bispecific nanobody-photobody fusion protein was generated to trigger protein heterodimerization by light. Photoactivatable antibodies are expected to become versatile protein reagents and to enable novel approaches in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Keywords: antibodies; nanobodies; photochemistry; protein-protein interactions; unnatural amino acids.