1 Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
2 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Service, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA.
3 Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA bantsui@stanford.edu.