Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) greatly improves the diagnosis of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis, which presents as the unspecific symptom of abdominal pain. Prothrombotic states or thrombophilia and local intra-abdominal infections are major causes of SMV thrombosis. A 37-year-old Chinese woman was diagnosed with SMV and portal vein thrombosis. The patient was initially given 40 mg of heparin sodium every 12 hr and 80,0000 U/day of urokinase using superior mesenteric artery angiography. The abdominal pain was not relieved after treatment. The patient then underwent open surgery, where an ileal branch of the SMV was punctured, a 4F sheath was introduced into the vein toward the portal vein, and a 20-cm Unifuse catheter was placed inside the thrombus for further thrombolysis. Both heparin sodium and urokinase were infused through catheter-directed thrombolysis. The patient's symptoms then gradually resolved.
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