Aims: To report the state of the science on primary prevention of urinary incontinence (UI) in adults from the 6th International Consultation on Incontinence with an update through January 2019.
Methods: Online databases PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Medline were searched in March 2016 and February 2019 with a focus on literature published after 2010. The International Consultation on Urological Diseases modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence and grades of recommendation were used to evaluate the literature.
Results: Grade B recommendations to prevent UI in pregnant and postpartum women are available and promising evidence exists for educational interventions to prevent UI up to 2 years in older women. There is little evidence for adding preoperative pelvic floor muscle exercises to postprostatectomy pelvic floor muscle exercises for men to regain continence. Insufficient evidence exists for the effectiveness of screening for UI in women. The absence of information on primary prevention remains for adolescents, nulliparous and perimenopausal women, and middle-aged and aged men and women.
Conclusions: Few primary prevention interventions for UI exist for specific populations, especially pregnant and postpartum women. Research interest in developing foundational knowledge to design these interventions is growing.
Keywords: adult; evidence-based medicine; female; male; primary prevention.
© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.