Changes in Body Fat and Related Biochemical Parameters Associated With Atypical Antipsychotic Drug Treatment in Schizophrenia Patients With or Without Metabolic Syndrome

Elena G Kornetova; Alexander N Kornetov; Irina A Mednova; Viktoria V Dubrovskaya; Anastasia S Boiko; Nikolay A Bokhan; Anton J M Loonen; Svetlana A Ivanova

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00803

Changes in Body Fat and Related Biochemical Parameters Associated With Atypical Antipsychotic Drug Treatment in Schizophrenia Patients With or Without Metabolic Syndrome

Front Psychiatry. 2019 Nov 1:10:803. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00803. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Elena G Kornetova^{1

2}, Alexander N Kornetov³, Irina A Mednova¹, Viktoria V Dubrovskaya¹, Anastasia S Boiko¹, Nikolay A Bokhan^{1

4

5}, Anton J M Loonen^{6

7}, Svetlana A Ivanova^{1

4

8}

Affiliations

¹ Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
² Hospital, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.
³ Department of Fundamental Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.
⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Addictology and Psychotherapy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.
⁵ Department of Psychotherapy and Psychological Counseling, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
⁶ Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
⁷ Policy Office for Quality and Innovation of Care (BZI), GGZ Westelijk Noord-Brabant, Halsteren, Netherlands.
⁸ School of Non-Destructive Testing and Security, Division for Control and Diagnostics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia.

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common problem in schizophrenia patients and associated with increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease. Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) play an important role in facilitating MetS. Objective: The study aimed to assess weight changes and alterations of indicators of body fat composition and lipid-glucose metabolism induced by reinitiating atypical antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia when with or without MetS. Methods: After giving informed consent, newly admitted patients with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20) and an age between 18 and 55 years were included. MetS was diagnosed according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. At entry and after 6 weeks of treatment, anthropometry and biochemical analysis were carried out. Total and visceral fats were measured with the use of non-invasive bioimpedance analysis and subcutaneous fat with calculation of total adipose tissue with the use of caliperometry. Based on biochemical assessments low density (LDL) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), atherogenic index and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (IR-HOMA) were calculated. Statistical analysis was conducted using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and chi-squared test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 114 patients (59M/55F) with schizophrenia were examined; they were divided into two groups with (n = 43; 37.7%) and without (n = 71; 62.3%) MetS. After a 6-week SGA treatment, only the total fat fold, waist circumference, triglyceride level, and atherogenic index underwent statistically significant changes in patients with MetS. In those without MetS, statistically significant changes across all fat indicators were noted. Also, a significant increase in blood glucose and HOMA-IR parameters, triglyceride, and VLDL levels and atherogenic index was observed in this group. Discussion: The study illustrates the benefits of estimating both anthropometric and biochemical parameters shortly after (re)installing treatment of schizophrenia in order to minimize the risk of MetS development.

Keywords: atypical antipsychotics; body fat; insulin resistance; metabolic parameters; metabolic syndrome; schizophrenia.