A brief review of the history of key observations of cingulate organization, particularly in the limbic system framework, is presented from 1907 to the present. The reasons why it has not played a significant role in neurology reflect the fact that its arterial supply is complex and no cingulate syndrome has been identified. A flat map of its eight subregions and areas is presented as a basis for many subsequent chapters in this volume. Along with this is a summary of current functional attributes of many of its divisions including cognitive, emotion, mental (Theory of Mind), skeletomotor, and autonomic output and various models of its function based on connectivity studies.
Keywords: Anterior cingulate; Arterial supply; Attention; Cingulate diseases; Cingulate map; Connections; Fear; Limbic system; Midcingulate; Posterior cingulate; Retrosplenial.
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