Hemodynamic and structural effects on bypass graft for different levels of stenosis using fluid structure interaction: A prospective analysis

Abstract

Although the flow dynamics have been investigated using fluid-structure interaction scheme for the internal thoracic artery-left anterior descending coronary artery (ITA-LAD) bypass graft in different cases, a detailed analysis associating different degrees of LAD stenosis and its effects on hemodynamics and structural displacement are not comprehensively studied. Therefore, the primary focus of this work is to examine and determine the correlation between the hemodynamic effects and structural variations inside the bypass graft with different degrees of LAD stenosis (0%, 30%, 50%, and 75%). Navier-Stokes equation, arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian, and elasticity in the solid region are implemented by coupling incompressible viscous fluid, nonlinear viscous fluid, and the stress tensor equations, respectively. Using fluid-structure interaction, variations in the hemodynamic property and changes in wall shear stress (WSS) including the spatial WSS distribution and the changes in the displacement of different degree of LAD stenosis are determined.Maximum WSS is found to be around 1.58E1 Pa near the anastomosis region and maximum magnitude for the structural displacement is found to be approximately 1.25E-5 m close to the heel. The results demonstrate that the disturbance in the flow pattern is evident mainly in the anastomosis region. Consequently, higher WSS is observed near the toe and on the artery wall, near the anastomosis region.