The relatively low toxicity profile of nab-paclitaxel plus carboplatin and its feasibility as an adjuvant administration was reported previously. This study aimed to evaluate the survival efficacy for completely resected patients with stage IB, II, and IIIA nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Twenty-nine eligible patients with NSCLC who received surgical resection for pathological stage IB, II, or IIIA, followed by postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with modified 3-week cycles of either nab-paclitaxel (nab-P) (100 mg/m) on days 1 and 8 followed by carboplatin area (area under the curve = 6) on day 1 were prospectively enrolled and assessed for survival outcomes against patients with the same stages who received other postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens during the same period. There were no significant differences in clinicopathological features, including age, gender, smoking status, performance status, surgical procedures, tumor histology, and pathological stage between the two groups. The cumulative overall survival (OS) rates at 5 years of the experimental and control groups in pathological stage IB-IIIA were 85.4% and 63.9%, respectively (P = 0.598), while recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates in these groups at 5 years were 65.2% and 34.8%, respectively (P = 0.344). Moreover, the cumulative OS rates of the experimental and control groups in pathological stage II-IIIA were 83.6% and 63.6%, respectively (P = 0.970), while RFS rates in these groups at 5 years were 61.1% and 37.3%, respectively (P = 0.460). This new regimen was considered an attractive alternative postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy option with relatively low toxicity and moderate survival outcomes for completely resected NSCLC.