History of Cranial Nerve-Implanted Stimulators in Otolaryngology

Ksenia A Aaron; Albert C Mudry

doi:10.1016/j.otc.2019.09.012

History of Cranial Nerve-Implanted Stimulators in Otolaryngology

Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2020 Feb;53(1):1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2019.09.012. Epub 2019 Nov 4.

Authors

Ksenia A Aaron¹, Albert C Mudry²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: kaaron@stanford.edu.
² Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

PMID: 31699407
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2019.09.012

Abstract

This article aims to clearly understand the historical development of cranial nerve-implanted stimulators in otolaryngology. The authors also discuss cranial nerve history; initial theory of the functional concept of animal spirit; electrical nerve impulse theory; first electrical otolaryngology cranial nerve stimulation devices; and the development of implanted stimulators.

Keywords: Cranial nerve; Implant; Otolaryngology; Stimulators.

Publication types

Historical Article
Review

MeSH terms

Cranial Nerves / physiology*
Electric Stimulation Therapy / history
Electric Stimulation Therapy / methods*
Electric Stimulation Therapy / trends
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Implantable Neurostimulators / history*
Otolaryngology / history
Otolaryngology / trends
Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / therapy*