Enhancing off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) with radio frequency white noise for gas sensing

Opt Express. 2019 Oct 14;27(21):30517-30529. doi: 10.1364/OE.27.030517.

Abstract

Injecting radio frequency (RF) white noise to the current driving of the laser can broaden the laser emission linewidth and efficiently suppress cavity-mode noise in off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS). The effect of the injected RF noise level on the cavity-mode noise and the deformation of the absorption line shape in off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) with a distributed feedback laser (DFB) at 1.65 µm were investigated. We measured methane at different concentrations between 0.1 ppmv and 2 ppmv associated with a -20 dBm RF noise injection. A linear spectral response of the intensity of the cavity output spectra with the CH4 concentration was observed. A threefold improvement in the detection limit was achieved compared to unperturbed OA-ICOS. The response time of the improved OA-ICOS system is about 30 s and the minimum detectable concentration (MDC) of CH4 is 7.6 ppbv, which corresponds to a minimum detectable fractional absorption scaled to the path length of 7.3 × 10-10 cm-1. The noise equivalent absorption sensitivity of the system is 5.51 × 10-9 cm-1Hz-1/2.