Transradial access (TRA) is favored over transfemoral access for performing coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention due to the reduced risk for vascular and bleeding complications and the documented survival benefit in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients who undergo primary percutaneous coronary intervention. TRA complications can be categorized as intra- or postprocedural and further categorized as related to bleeding or nonbleeding issues. Major intra- and postprocedural complications such as radial artery perforation and compartment syndrome are rare following TRA. Their occurrence, however, can be associated with morbid consequences, including requirement for surgical intervention if not identified and treated promptly. Nonbleeding complications such as radial artery spasm and radial artery occlusion are typically less morbid but occur much more frequently. Strategies to prevent TRA complications are essential and include the use of contemporary access techniques that limit arterial injury. This document summarizes contemporary techniques to prevent, identify, and manage TRA complications.
Keywords: hemorrhage; humans; muscle cramp; radial artery; spasm.