[Epidemiology of acute renal failure during dengue fever in the city of Ouagadougou]

Abstract

Aim: Describe acute renal failure during dengue fever in Ouagadougou, in a context of almost nonexistent african data on the subject.

Patients and method: The study was cross-sectional and descriptive with a retrospective collection of data in 13 health structures. It concerned a period of 16 months. Included were suspected cases of dengue fever following the guidelines of the ministry of health and for whom an ARF was diagnosed. The acute renal failure and its severity were defined according to KDIGO's recommendations.

Result: Sixty-seven cases (sex ratio 2.7 ; mean age 39.6±16.7 years) of acute renal failure were noted among 316 dengue fever patients, or 21.2%. The mean of serum creatinine on admission was 440.7±504.2 μmol/L. The acute renal failure severity was classified at stage 3 in 29 cases, or 43.3%. The most common etiopathogenic factors were those responsible for renal hypoperfusion in 47 cases, or 70.2%; 14 cases of brown macroscopic hematuria, or 20.9%, were observed. Nine patients, or 13.4%, were taken in conventional acute hemodialysis. Six cases of death, a lethality rate of 9%, were observed.

Conclusion: The acute renal failure in our dengue fever patients population was very common, severe, and highly lethal. The prognosis should improve with early management. It would be even better to promote primary prevention through effective vector control.

Keywords: Acute renal failure; Burkina Faso; Dengue; Dengue fever; Hemodialysis; Hémodialyse; Insuffisance rénale aiguë; Mortality; Mortalité.