Acute effects of preventive warm-up exercises on modifiable risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a three-arm randomized-controlled crossover trial

J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2020 Jan;60(1):92-101. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.19.09949-3. Epub 2019 Oct 24.

Abstract

Background: We aimed to compare the potential acute effects of single bouts of a classic prevention and a risk factor-focus training aiming to target modifiable anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture risk factors and the impact of neuromuscular fatigue on relevant ACL rupture risk factors.

Methods: Two preventive warm-up (standard and ACL rupture risk factor training) and one inactive arm were compared; each of these were followed by a standardized neuromuscular fatigue protocol. The assessments included two Trail making tests (TMT-A; TMT-B, time to complete), drop jump landings (knee separation distance, normalized at hip width), as well as unanticipated counter movement jump landings (time to stabilization and peak ground reaction force).

Results: We included 18 participants (25±2years). No differences were found between times and conditions for TMT (P>0.05). A significant time effect occurred in time to stabilization (F=2.6; P<0.05) and a significant time*baseline-value*jumping time interaction was seen in peak ground reaction force (F=3.1; P<0.05). No time effect was found for any knee separation distance (F=.1-2.4; P>0.05); but a significant time*baseline-value*jumping time interaction was seen at initial ground contact (F=2.8; P<0.05), and lowest point (F=4.2; P<0.01).

Conclusions: Risk factor-focus and classic warm-up may not differ in their acute effects on modifiable functional ACL (re-)injury risks factors.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / physiopathology
  • Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / prevention & control*
  • Biomechanical Phenomena / physiology
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Knee Joint / physiopathology
  • Male
  • Risk Factors
  • Warm-Up Exercise / physiology*