Cell autonomous and non-autonomous functions of plant intracellular immune receptors in stomatal defense and apoplastic defense

PLoS Pathog. 2019 Oct 25;15(10):e1008094. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008094. eCollection 2019 Oct.

Abstract

Stomatal closure defense and apoplastic defense are two major immunity mechanisms restricting the entry and propagation of microbe pathogens in plants. Surprisingly, activation of plant intracellular immune receptor NLR genes, while enhancing whole plant disease resistance, was sometimes linked to a defective stomatal defense in autoimmune mutants. Here we report the use of high temperature and genetic chimera to investigate the inter-dependence of stomatal and apoplastic defenses in autoimmunity. High temperature inhibits both stomatal and apoplastic defenses in the wild type, suppresses constitutive apoplastic defense responses and rescues the deficiency of stomatal closure response in autoimmune mutants. Chimeric plants have been generated to activate NLR only in guard cells or the non-guard cells. NLR activation in guard cells inhibits stomatal closure defense response in a cell autonomous manner likely through repressing ABA responses. At the same time, it leads to increased whole plant resistance accompanied by a slight increase in apoplastic defense. In addition, NLR activation in both guard and non-guard cells affects stomatal aperture and water potential. This study thus reveals that NLR activation has a differential effect on immunity in a cell type specific matter, which adds another layer of immune regulation with spatial information.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Arabidopsis / genetics
  • Arabidopsis / immunology*
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / genetics
  • Autoimmunity / genetics
  • Autoimmunity / immunology
  • Chimera / genetics
  • Disease Resistance / genetics*
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
  • Hot Temperature
  • NLR Proteins / metabolism*
  • Plant Stomata / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Immunologic / metabolism

Substances

  • Arabidopsis Proteins
  • NLR Proteins
  • Receptors, Immunologic

Grants and funding

This study was supported by National Science Foundation of USA (IOS-1353738) to J.H. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.