Immunotherapy of malignant tumors has become a hot spot in the field of cancer research and treatment, bringing new hope to patients with advanced cancer. Activation of molecular programmer death protein-1 and T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4-related signaling pathways at the immunological checkpoint can inhibit T lymphocyte activation and thereby block the inflammatory response. Tumor cells achieve immune escape by activating the molecular pathways associated with immune checkpoints. The immune checkpoint inhibitor can wake up T lymphocytes and enhance the body's clearance of tumor cells. However, the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors is not specific to tumor cells, and it can cause side effects of multiple systems including the cardiovascular system while killing tumor cells. We will summarize the relevant cardiac side effects and give advice on how to manage it.
【中文题目：免疫检查点抑制剂相关心脏不良反应的临床诊治建议】 【中文摘要：恶性肿瘤的免疫治疗已经成为肿瘤研究和治疗领域的热点，给晚期肿瘤患者带来了新的希望。免疫检查点分子程序性死亡蛋白-1和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4相关信号通路的激活可以抑制T淋巴细胞活化，从而阻断炎症反应。肿瘤细胞通过激活免疫检查点分子相关的信号通路实现免疫逃逸。而免疫检查点抑制剂能够唤醒T淋巴细胞，增强机体对肿瘤细胞的清除。但是免疫检查点抑制剂的作用并非肿瘤细胞特异，在杀灭肿瘤细胞的同时，会引起包括心血管系统在内的多系统副作用。我们将总结相关的心脏副反应并对如何防治给予建议。】 【中文关键词：免疫检查点抑制剂；免疫相关不良反应；心肌炎；心血管毒副反应】.
Keywords: Cardiovascular toxicities; Immune checkpoint inhibitor; Immunotherapy-related toxicities; Myocarditis.