This article presents a secure communication scheme based on the quantized synchronization of master-slave neural networks under an event-triggered strategy. First, a dynamic event-triggered strategy is proposed based on a quantized output feedback, for which a quantized output feedback controller is formed. Second, theoretical criteria are derived to ensure the bounded synchronization of master-slave neural networks. With these criteria, an explicit upper bound is given for the synchronization error. Sufficient conditions are also provided on the existence of quantized output feedback controllers. A Chua's circuit is chosen to illustrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results. Third, a secure communication scheme is presented based on the synchronization of master-slave neural networks by combining the basic principle of cryptology. Then, a secure image communication is studied to verify the feasibility and security performance of the proposed secure communication scheme. The impact of the quantization level and the event-triggered control (ETC) on image decryption is investigated through experiments.