Nuclear Dependence of the Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetry in the Production of Charged Hadrons at Forward Rapidity in Polarized p+p, p+Al, and p+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV

C Aidala; Y Akiba; M Alfred; V Andrieux; N Apadula; H Asano; B Azmoun; V Babintsev; N S Bandara; K N Barish; S Bathe; A Bazilevsky; M Beaumier; R Belmont; A Berdnikov; Y Berdnikov; D S Blau; J S Bok; M L Brooks; J Bryslawskyj; V Bumazhnov; S Campbell; V Canoa Roman; R Cervantes; C Y Chi; M Chiu; I J Choi; J B Choi; Z Citron; M Connors; N Cronin; M Csanád; T Csörgő; T W Danley; M S Daugherity; G David; K DeBlasio; K Dehmelt; A Denisov; A Deshpande; E J Desmond; A Dion; D Dixit; J H Do; A Drees; K A Drees; J M Durham; A Durum; A Enokizono; H En'yo; S Esumi; B Fadem; W Fan; N Feege; D E Fields; M Finger; M Finger; S L Fokin; J E Frantz; A Franz; A D Frawley; Y Fukuda; C Gal; P Gallus; E A Gamez; P Garg; H Ge; F Giordano; Y Goto; N Grau; S V Greene; M Grosse Perdekamp; T Gunji; H Guragain; T Hachiya; J S Haggerty; K I Hahn; H Hamagaki; H F Hamilton; S Y Han; J Hanks; S Hasegawa; T O S Haseler; X He; T K Hemmick; J C Hill; K Hill; A Hodges; R S Hollis; K Homma; B Hong; T Hoshino; N Hotvedt; J Huang; S Huang; K Imai; M Inaba; A Iordanova; D Isenhower; S Ishimaru; D Ivanishchev; B V Jacak; M Jezghani; Z Ji; X Jiang; B M Johnson; D Jouan; D S Jumper; J H Kang; D Kapukchyan; S Karthas; D Kawall; A V Kazantsev; V Khachatryan; A Khanzadeev; C Kim; E-J Kim; M Kim; D Kincses; E Kistenev; J Klatsky; P Kline; T Koblesky; D Kotov; S Kudo; B Kurgyis; K Kurita; Y Kwon; J G Lajoie; A Lebedev; S Lee; S H Lee; M J Leitch; Y H Leung; N A Lewis; X Li; S H Lim; M X Liu; V-R Loggins; S Lökös; K Lovasz; D Lynch; T Majoros; Y I Makdisi; M Makek; V I Manko; E Mannel; M McCumber; P L McGaughey; D McGlinchey; C McKinney; M Mendoza; W J Metzger; A C Mignerey; A Milov; D K Mishra; J T Mitchell; Iu Mitrankov; G Mitsuka; S Miyasaka; S Mizuno; P Montuenga; T Moon; D P Morrison; S I Morrow; T Murakami; J Murata; K Nagai; K Nagashima; T Nagashima; J L Nagle; M I Nagy; I Nakagawa; K Nakano; C Nattrass; S Nelson; T Niida; R Nishitani; R Nouicer; T Novák; N Novitzky; A S Nyanin; E O'Brien; C A Ogilvie; J D Orjuela Koop; J D Osborn; A Oskarsson; G J Ottino; K Ozawa; V Pantuev; V Papavassiliou; J S Park; S Park; S F Pate; M Patel; W Peng; D V Perepelitsa; G D N Perera; D Yu Peressounko; C E PerezLara; J Perry; R Petti; M Phipps; C Pinkenburg; R P Pisani; A Pun; M L Purschke; P V Radzevich; K F Read; D Reynolds; V Riabov; Y Riabov; D Richford; T Rinn; S D Rolnick; M Rosati; Z Rowan; J Runchey; A S Safonov; T Sakaguchi; H Sako; V Samsonov; M Sarsour; S Sato; C Y Scarlett; B Schaefer; B K Schmoll; K Sedgwick; R Seidl; A Sen; R Seto; A Sexton; D Sharma; I Shein; T-A Shibata; K Shigaki; M Shimomura; T Shioya; P Shukla; A Sickles; C L Silva; D Silvermyr; B K Singh; C P Singh; V Singh; M J Skoby; M Slunečka; K L Smith; M Snowball; R A Soltz; W E Sondheim; S P Sorensen; I V Sourikova; P W Stankus; S P Stoll; T Sugitate; A Sukhanov; T Sumita; J Sun; Z Sun; S Suzuki; J Sziklai; K Tanida; M J Tannenbaum; S Tarafdar; A Taranenko; G Tarnai; R Tieulent; A Timilsina; T Todoroki; M Tomášek; C L Towell; R S Towell; I Tserruya; Y Ueda; B Ujvari; H W van Hecke; J Velkovska; M Virius; V Vrba; N Vukman; X R Wang; Z Wang; Y S Watanabe; C P Wong; C L Woody; C Xu; Q Xu; L Xue; S Yalcin; Y L Yamaguchi; H Yamamoto; A Yanovich; J H Yoo; I Yoon; H Yu; I E Yushmanov; W A Zajc; A Zelenski; Y Zhai; S Zharko; L Zou; PHENIX Collaboration

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.122001

Nuclear Dependence of the Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetry in the Production of Charged Hadrons at Forward Rapidity in Polarized p+p, p+Al, and p+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV

Phys Rev Lett. 2019 Sep 20;123(12):122001. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.122001.

Authors

C Aidala¹, Y Akiba^{2

3}, M Alfred⁴, V Andrieux¹, N Apadula⁵, H Asano^{6

2}, B Azmoun⁷, V Babintsev⁸, N S Bandara⁹, K N Barish¹⁰, S Bathe^{11

3}, A Bazilevsky⁷, M Beaumier¹⁰, R Belmont^{12

13}, A Berdnikov¹⁴, Y Berdnikov¹⁴, D S Blau^{15

16}, J S Bok¹⁷, M L Brooks¹⁸, J Bryslawskyj^{11

10}, V Bumazhnov⁸, S Campbell¹⁹, V Canoa Roman²⁰, R Cervantes²⁰, C Y Chi¹⁹, M Chiu⁷, I J Choi²¹, J B Choi²², Z Citron²³, M Connors^{24

3}, N Cronin²⁰, M Csanád²⁵, T Csörgő^{26

27}, T W Danley²⁸, M S Daugherity²⁹, G David^{7

30

20}, K DeBlasio³¹, K Dehmelt²⁰, A Denisov⁸, A Deshpande^{7

3

20}, E J Desmond⁷, A Dion²⁰, D Dixit²⁰, J H Do³², A Drees²⁰, K A Drees³³, J M Durham¹⁸, A Durum⁸, A Enokizono^{2

34}, H En'yo², S Esumi³⁵, B Fadem³⁶, W Fan²⁰, N Feege²⁰, D E Fields³¹, M Finger³⁷, M Finger³⁷, S L Fokin¹⁵, J E Frantz²⁸, A Franz⁷, A D Frawley³⁸, Y Fukuda³⁵, C Gal²⁰, P Gallus³⁹, E A Gamez¹, P Garg^{40

20}, H Ge²⁰, F Giordano²¹, Y Goto^{2

3}, N Grau⁴¹, S V Greene⁴², M Grosse Perdekamp²¹, T Gunji⁴³, H Guragain²⁴, T Hachiya^{44

2

3}, J S Haggerty⁷, K I Hahn⁴⁵, H Hamagaki⁴³, H F Hamilton²⁹, S Y Han^{45

2}, J Hanks²⁰, S Hasegawa⁴⁶, T O S Haseler²⁴, X He²⁴, T K Hemmick²⁰, J C Hill⁵, K Hill¹², A Hodges²⁴, R S Hollis¹⁰, K Homma⁴⁷, B Hong⁴⁸, T Hoshino⁴⁷, N Hotvedt⁵, J Huang⁷, S Huang⁴², K Imai⁴⁶, M Inaba³⁵, A Iordanova¹⁰, D Isenhower²⁹, S Ishimaru⁴⁴, D Ivanishchev⁴⁹, B V Jacak²⁰, M Jezghani²⁴, Z Ji²⁰, X Jiang¹⁸, B M Johnson^{7

24}, D Jouan⁵⁰, D S Jumper²¹, J H Kang³², D Kapukchyan¹⁰, S Karthas²⁰, D Kawall⁹, A V Kazantsev¹⁵, V Khachatryan²⁰, A Khanzadeev⁴⁹, C Kim^{10

48}, E-J Kim²², M Kim^{2

51}, D Kincses²⁵, E Kistenev⁷, J Klatsky³⁸, P Kline²⁰, T Koblesky¹², D Kotov^{49

14}, S Kudo³⁵, B Kurgyis²⁵, K Kurita³⁴, Y Kwon³², J G Lajoie⁵, A Lebedev⁵, S Lee³², S H Lee^{5

20}, M J Leitch¹⁸, Y H Leung²⁰, N A Lewis¹, X Li¹⁸, S H Lim^{18

32}, M X Liu¹⁸, V-R Loggins²¹, S Lökös^{25

26}, K Lovasz³⁰, D Lynch⁷, T Majoros³⁰, Y I Makdisi³³, M Makek⁵², V I Manko¹⁵, E Mannel⁷, M McCumber¹⁸, P L McGaughey¹⁸, D McGlinchey^{12

18}, C McKinney²¹, M Mendoza¹⁰, W J Metzger²⁶, A C Mignerey⁵³, A Milov²³, D K Mishra⁵⁴, J T Mitchell⁷, Iu Mitrankov¹⁴, G Mitsuka^{55

2

3}, S Miyasaka^{2

56}, S Mizuno^{2

35}, P Montuenga²¹, T Moon³², D P Morrison⁷, S I Morrow⁴², T Murakami^{6

2}, J Murata^{2

34}, K Nagai⁵⁶, K Nagashima^{47

2}, T Nagashima³⁴, J L Nagle¹², M I Nagy²⁵, I Nakagawa^{2

3}, K Nakano^{2

56}, C Nattrass⁵⁷, S Nelson⁵⁸, T Niida³⁵, R Nishitani⁴⁴, R Nouicer^{7

3}, T Novák^{26

27}, N Novitzky²⁰, A S Nyanin¹⁵, E O'Brien⁷, C A Ogilvie⁵, J D Orjuela Koop¹², J D Osborn¹, A Oskarsson⁵⁹, G J Ottino³¹, K Ozawa^{55

35}, V Pantuev⁶⁰, V Papavassiliou¹⁷, J S Park⁵¹, S Park^{2

51

20}, S F Pate¹⁷, M Patel⁵, W Peng⁴², D V Perepelitsa^{7

12}, G D N Perera¹⁷, D Yu Peressounko¹⁵, C E PerezLara²⁰, J Perry⁵, R Petti⁷, M Phipps^{7

21}, C Pinkenburg⁷, R P Pisani⁷, A Pun²⁸, M L Purschke⁷, P V Radzevich¹⁴, K F Read^{61

57}, D Reynolds⁶², V Riabov^{16

49}, Y Riabov^{49

14}, D Richford¹¹, T Rinn⁵, S D Rolnick¹⁰, M Rosati⁵, Z Rowan¹¹, J Runchey⁵, A S Safonov¹⁴, T Sakaguchi⁷, H Sako⁴⁶, V Samsonov^{16

49}, M Sarsour²⁴, S Sato⁴⁶, C Y Scarlett⁵⁸, B Schaefer⁴², B K Schmoll⁵⁷, K Sedgwick¹⁰, R Seidl^{2

3}, A Sen^{5

57}, R Seto¹⁰, A Sexton⁵³, D Sharma²⁰, I Shein⁸, T-A Shibata^{2

56}, K Shigaki⁴⁷, M Shimomura^{5

44}, T Shioya³⁵, P Shukla⁵⁴, A Sickles²¹, C L Silva¹⁸, D Silvermyr⁵⁹, B K Singh⁴⁰, C P Singh⁴⁰, V Singh⁴⁰, M J Skoby¹, M Slunečka³⁷, K L Smith³⁸, M Snowball¹⁸, R A Soltz⁶³, W E Sondheim¹⁸, S P Sorensen⁵⁷, I V Sourikova⁷, P W Stankus⁶¹, S P Stoll⁷, T Sugitate⁴⁷, A Sukhanov⁷, T Sumita², J Sun²⁰, Z Sun³⁰, S Suzuki⁴⁴, J Sziklai²⁷, K Tanida^{46

3

51}, M J Tannenbaum⁷, S Tarafdar^{42

23}, A Taranenko¹⁶, G Tarnai³⁰, R Tieulent^{24

64}, A Timilsina⁵, T Todoroki^{3

35}, M Tomášek³⁹, C L Towell²⁹, R S Towell²⁹, I Tserruya²³, Y Ueda⁴⁷, B Ujvari³⁰, H W van Hecke¹⁸, J Velkovska⁴², M Virius³⁹, V Vrba^{39

65}, N Vukman⁵², X R Wang^{17

3}, Z Wang¹¹, Y S Watanabe⁴³, C P Wong²⁴, C L Woody⁷, C Xu¹⁷, Q Xu⁴², L Xue²⁴, S Yalcin²⁰, Y L Yamaguchi^{3

20}, H Yamamoto³⁵, A Yanovich⁸, J H Yoo^{48

3}, I Yoon⁵¹, H Yu^{17

66}, I E Yushmanov¹⁵, W A Zajc¹⁹, A Zelenski³³, Y Zhai⁵, S Zharko¹⁴, L Zou¹⁰; PHENIX Collaboration

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA.
² RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
³ RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, USA.
⁵ Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
⁶ Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
⁷ Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
⁸ IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Russia.
⁹ Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA.
¹⁰ University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
¹¹ Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA.
¹² University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
¹³ Physics and Astronomy Department, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, USA.
¹⁴ Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251 Russia.
¹⁵ National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, 123098 Russia.
¹⁶ National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, 115409, Russia.
¹⁷ New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.
¹⁸ Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
¹⁹ Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA.
²⁰ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.
²¹ University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
²² Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Korea.
²³ Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
²⁴ Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
²⁵ ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary.
²⁶ Eszterházy Károly University, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátrai út 36, Hungary.
²⁷ Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary.
²⁸ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
²⁹ Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA.
³⁰ Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.
³¹ University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
³² Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
³³ Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
³⁴ Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
³⁵ Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
³⁶ Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-5586, USA.
³⁷ Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36, Prague, Czech Republic.
³⁸ Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.
³⁹ Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
⁴⁰ Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
⁴¹ Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA.
⁴² Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
⁴³ Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
⁴⁴ Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan.
⁴⁵ Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
⁴⁶ Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan.
⁴⁷ Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
⁴⁸ Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
⁴⁹ PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region, 188300, Russia.
⁵⁰ IPN-Orsay, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, BP1, F-91406, Orsay, France.
⁵¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
⁵² Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32 HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
⁵³ University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
⁵⁴ Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India.
⁵⁵ KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
⁵⁶ Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
⁵⁷ University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
⁵⁸ Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA.
⁵⁹ Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
⁶⁰ Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia.
⁶¹ Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
⁶² Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA.
⁶³ Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
⁶⁴ IPNL, CNRS/IN2P3, Univ Lyon, Universit Lyon 1, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
⁶⁵ Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
⁶⁶ Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.

PMID: 31633981
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.122001

Abstract

We report on the nuclear dependence of transverse single-spin asymmetries (TSSAs) in the production of positively charged hadrons in polarized p^{↑}+p, p^{↑}+Al, and p^{↑}+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. The measurements have been performed at forward rapidity (1.4<η<2.4) over the range of transverse momentum (1.8<p_{T}<7.0 GeV/c) and Feynman x (0.1<x_{F}<0.2). We observed positive asymmetries for positively charged hadrons in p^{↑}+p collisions, and significantly reduced asymmetries in p^{↑}+A collisions. These results reveal a nuclear dependence of TSSAs for charged-hadron production in a regime where perturbative techniques are applicable. These results provide new opportunities to use p^{↑}+A collisions as a tool to investigate the rich phenomena behind TSSAs in hadronic collisions and to use TSSAs as a new handle in studying small-system collisions.