Background: Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) has been associated with left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) in children. Little is known about the prevalence of this association, clinical outcomes, and treatment options.
Methods: Retrospective review of subjects with LVNC. LVNC was defined by established criteria; those with congenital heart disease were excluded. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were reviewed for presence of pre-excitation. Outcomes were compared between those with isolated LVNC and those with WPW and LVNC.
Results: A total of 348 patients with LVNC were identified. Thirty-eight (11%) were found to have WPW pattern on ECG, and 84% of those with WPW and LVNC had cardiac dysfunction. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, there was significantly lower freedom from significant dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤ 40%) among those with WPW and LVNC (P < .001). Further analysis showed a higher risk of developing significant dysfunction in patients with WPW and LVNC versus LVNC alone (hazard ratio 4.64 [2.79, 9.90]). Twelve patients underwent an ablation procedure with an acute success rate of 83%. Four patients with cardiac dysfunction were successfully ablated, 3 having improvement in function.
Conclusion: WPW is common among children with LVNC and is associated with cardiac dysfunction. Ablation therapy can be safely and effectively performed and may result in improvement in function.
Keywords: Arrhythmia; cardiomyopathy; pediatrics; trabeculation.
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