Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Integration of Doxycycline Against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in an In Vitro Model

Huilin Zhang; Chunxiao Mao; Jinju Li; Zilong Huang; Xiaoyan Gu; Xiangguang Shen; Huanzhong Ding

doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01088

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Integration of Doxycycline Against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in an In Vitro Model

Front Pharmacol. 2019 Sep 20:10:1088. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01088. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Huilin Zhang¹, Chunxiao Mao¹, Jinju Li¹, Zilong Huang¹, Xiaoyan Gu¹, Xiangguang Shen¹, Huanzhong Ding¹

Affiliation

¹ Guangdong Key Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

Abstract

Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibacterial drug. It is used widely to treat diseases caused by Mycoplasma species. We investigated the antibacterial activity of doxycycline against the Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain ATCC25934. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of doxycycline against M. hyopneumoniae determined by a microdilution method was 0.125 μg/ml. Static time-kill curves with constant drug concentrations (0-64 MIC) showed that a bacteriostatic effect occurred if the doxycycline concentration reached 4 MIC. Doxycycline produced a maximum antimycoplasmal effect (reduction of 2.76 log₁₀CFU/ml) at 64 MIC within 48 h. The effect of doxycycline against M. hyopneumoniae was analyzed by a sigmoid E _max model, and there was high correlation between the kill rate and doxycycline concentration (R ² = 0.986). A one-compartment open model with first-order absorption was adopted and was used to simulate doxycycline pharmacokinetics in porcine plasma. The dynamic time-concentration curve showed that the area under the curve at 24 h (AUC_{24 h}) and C _max (peak concentration) after each drug administration was 1.78-48.4 μg h/ml and 0.16-3.41 μg/ml, respectively. The reduction of M. hyopneumoniae (log₁₀CFU/ml) for 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 mg/kg body weight was 0.16, 1.29, 1.75, 2.94, 3.35, 3.91, 4.35, and 5.77, respectively, during the entire experiment, respectively. When the dose was >10 mg/kg body weight, continuous administration for 3 days could achieve a bactericidal effect. The correlation coefficient of AUC_{24 h}/MIC, C _max/MIC, and %T > MIC (the cumulative percentage of time over a 24-h period that the drug concentration exceeds the MIC) with antibacterial effect was 0.917, 0.923, and 0.823, respectively. Doxycycline showed concentration-dependent activity, and the value of AUC_{24 h}/MIC and C _max/MIC required to produce a drop of 1 log₁₀CFU/ml was 164 h and 9.89, respectively.

Keywords: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; doxycycline; in vitro model; pharmacodynamic; pharmacokinetic.