Nanoscale piezoelectric surface modulation for adaptive extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray optics

Opt Lett. 2019 Oct 15;44(20):5104-5107. doi: 10.1364/OL.44.005104.

Abstract

Extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray wavelengths have ever-increasing applications in photolithography, imaging, and spectroscopy. Adaptive schemes for wavefront correction at such a short wavelength range have recently gained much attention. In this Letter we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first demonstration of a functional actuator based on piezoelectric thin films. We introduce a new approach that allows producing a gradually varying surface deformation. White light interferometery is used to show the level of control in generating arbitrary surface profiles at the nanoscale.