Inter-individual genomic heterogeneity within European population isolates

PLoS One. 2019 Oct 9;14(10):e0214564. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214564. eCollection 2019.

Abstract

A number of studies carried out since the early '70s has investigated the effects of isolation on genetic variation within and among human populations in diverse geographical contexts. However, no extensive analysis has been carried out on the heterogeneity among genomes within isolated populations. This issue is worth exploring since events of recent admixture and/or subdivision could potentially disrupt the genetic homogeneity which is to be expected when isolation is prolonged and constant over time. Here, we analyze literature data relative to 87,815 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which were obtained from a total of 28 European populations. Our results challenge the traditional paradigm of population isolates as structured as genetically (and genomically) uniform entities. In fact, focusing on the distribution of variance of intra-population diversity measures across individuals, we show that the inter-individual heterogeneity of isolated populations is at least comparable to the open ones. More in particular, three small and highly inbred isolates (Sappada, Sauris and Timau in Northeastern Italy) were found to be characterized by levels of inter-individual heterogeneity largely exceeding that of all other populations, possibly due to relatively recent events of genetic introgression. Finally, we propose a way to monitor the effects of inter-individual heterogeneity in disease-gene association studies.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Databases, Nucleic Acid*
  • Female
  • Genetics, Population
  • Human Genetics
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*
  • White People / genetics*

Grants and funding

The study was supported by the Università di Roma “La Sapienza” (ref. C26A13HSHB), the Istituto Italiano di Antropologia (Atlante bio-culturale Italiano), the European Research Council ERC-2011-AdG 295733 grant (Langelin) and National Geographic Society Genographic 2.0 grant to ST (2013). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.