β-D-2'-C-Methyl-2,6-diaminopurine ribonucleoside (2'-C-Me-DAPN) phosphoramidate prodrug (DAPN-PD) is a selective hepatitis C virus inhibitor that is metabolized intracellularly into two active metabolites: 2'-C-Methyl-DAPN triphosphate (2'-C-Me-DAPN-TP) and 2'-C-methyl-guanosine 5'-triphosphate (2'-C-Me-GTP). BMS-986094 and IDX-184 are also bioconverted to 2'-C-Me-GTP. A phase IIb clinical trial with BMS-986094 was abruptly halted due to adverse cardiac and renal effects. Herein, we developed an efficient large scale synthesis of DAPN-PD and determined intracellular pharmacology of DAPN-PD in comparison with BMS-986094 and IDX-184, versus Huh-7, HepG2 and interspecies primary hepatocytes and human cardiomyocytes. Imaging data of drug treated human cardiomyocytes was found to be most useful in determining toxicity potential as no obvious beating rate change was observed for IDX-184 up to 50 µM up at 48 h. However, with BMS-986094 and DAPN-PD at 10 µM changes to both beat rate and rhythm were noted.
Keywords: Nucleoside prodrug; cardiotoxicity; hepatitis C virus; hepatocytes; human cardiomyocytes; intracellular metabolism.