Introduction: The clinical significance of acetabular retroversion in non-dysplastic hips can be explained as pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), whereas that in dysplastic hips is not clarified because FAI normally poses little problems for dysplastic hips. We aimed to evaluate three-dimensional (3D) femoral head coverage in dysplastic hips with and without acetabular retroversion and to elucidate the role of acetabular retroversion on the 3D femoral head coverage.
Materials and methods: We retrospectively investigated 93 hips in 93 patients (9 males and 84 females) that underwent periacetabular osteotomy for hip dysplasia. Dysplastic hips were divided into anteversion and retroversion groups according to their cranial anteversion, which was measured on the axial section 5 mm caudal to the acetabular roof. The 3D femoral head coverage was provided as a percentage of the acetabulum-covered surface area of the upper femoral hemisphere using a 3D preoperative planning software for total hip arthroplasty.
Results: Of the 93 dysplastic hips, 15 hips (16%) were assigned to the retroversion group, which had significantly younger age at surgery (31.9 years versus 39.2 years; p = 0.033). The lateral center-edge angles were comparable between the groups (13.8° versus 12.9°; p = 0.68); however, the hips in the retroversion group had a trend of smaller 3D femoral head coverage than those in the anteversion group (59% versus 63%; p = 0.058). Multivariate analysis using two-way analysis of covariance showed that lateral center-edge angle (partial regression coefficient = 0.83; t value = 17.3; p < 0.001) and acetabular retroversion (partial regression coefficient = - 2.3; t value = - 4.9; p < 0.001) were independent factors that contributed to the 3D femoral head coverage.
Conclusions: Acetabular retroversion in dysplastic hips was associated with decreased 3D femoral head coverage independently from lateral center-edge angle. The age at surgery in the retroversion group was significantly younger, suggesting a relationship between decreased 3D coverage and potentially earlier symptom onset.
Keywords: 3D femoral head coverage; Acetabular retroversion; Anteverting periacetabular osteotomy; Developmental dysplasia of the hip; Pain onset; Surface area.