Introduction: The function of the placental vasculature differs considerably from other systemic vascular beds of the human body. A detailed understanding of the normal placental vascular physiology is the foundation to understand perturbed conditions potentially leading to placental dysfunction.
Methods: Behaviour of human stem villous arteries isolated from placentae at term pregnancy was assessed using wire myography. Effects of a selection of known vasoconstrictors and vasodilators of the systemic vasculature were assessed. The morphology of stem villous arteries was examined using IHC and TEM.
Results: Contractile effects in stem villous arteries were caused by U46619, 5-HT, angiotensin II and endothelin-1 (p ≤ 0.05), whereas noradrenaline and AVP failed to result in a contraction. Dilating effects were seen for histamine, riluzole, nifedipine, papaverine, SNP and SQ29548 (p ≤ 0.05) but not for acetylcholine, bradykinin and substance P.
Discussion: Stem villous arteries behave differently to vessels of the systemic vasculature and results indicate that the placenta is cut off from the systemic maternal vascular regulation. Particularly, endothelium-dependent processes were attenuated in the placental vasculature, creating a need to determine the role of the endothelium in the placenta in future studies.
Keywords: Human; Placenta; Placental vessels; Pregnancy; Stem villous arteries; Vascular function; Wire myography.
Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.