Social or Economic Goals? The Professional Goal Orientation of Students Enrolled in STEM and Non-STEM Majors in University

Ilka Wolter; Lisa Ehrtmann; Tina Seidel; Barbara Drechsel

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02065

Social or Economic Goals? The Professional Goal Orientation of Students Enrolled in STEM and Non-STEM Majors in University

Front Psychol. 2019 Sep 13:10:2065. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02065. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Ilka Wolter¹, Lisa Ehrtmann¹, Tina Seidel², Barbara Drechsel³

Affiliations

¹ Competencies, Personality, Learning Environments, Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Bamberg, Germany.
² Friedl Schöller Endowed Chair for Educational Psychology, School of Education, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
³ Institute of Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.

Abstract

Various studies try to disentangle the gender-specific competencies or decisions that lead to a career in a STEM field and try to find a way to encourage more women to pursue this kind of career. The present study examines differences in the meaning of work (i.e., their professional goal orientation) of students who are enrolled in STEM or non-STEM programs in tertiary education. Based on the background that gender stereotypes associate women and men with communal or agentic roles respectively, we expected that women in STEM subjects differ in their professional goal orientation from women in non-STEM programs. More precisely, women who are enrolled in a STEM major are expected to be less oriented to social and communal goal orientations than women in non-STEM university programs. In a sample of 5,857 second-year university students of the German National Educational Panel Study, three profiles of professional goal orientation were confirmed in a latent profile analysis. As expected, women were more oriented toward social aspects of occupations, whereas men more likely belonged to a profile with high importance for economic aspects of occupations. Moreover, students enrolled in STEM programs more likely belonged to the profile of economic goal orientation. There was, however, no interaction of gender and STEM program: Women in STEM fields did not differ in their occupational goal orientation from women enrolled in non-STEM programs. Based on these findings and on a goal congruity perspective, future interventions aiming at overcoming the underrepresentation of women in STEM fields should consider the individual meaning of work and the goals that are associated with STEM occupations.

Keywords: STEM; gender stereotypes; goal orientation; latent profile analysis; meaning of work; university students.