The impact of intensified clinical care on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes at Khayelitsha Community Health Centre, South Africa: Quasi-experimental study

Prim Care Diabetes. 2020 Apr;14(2):97-103. doi: 10.1016/j.pcd.2019.08.006. Epub 2019 Sep 26.

Abstract

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the effect on glycaemic control of more intensive care for patients with very uncontrolled type-2 diabetes (HbA1c>10%) at Khayelitsha Community Health Centre, South Africa.

Methods: A pragmatic, quasi-experimental study. Patients with HBA1c>10% were consecutively selected into a 6-month programme of intensified care involving monthly visits to a doctor, diabetes group education, escalation of treatment, and more frequent HbA1c testing by either point-of-care (POC) or laboratory. Participants were their own controls in a retrospective analysis of usual care during the previous year.

Results: At baseline 236 patients had a mean HbA1c of 12.1%. The mean difference in HbA1c in the intervention group was -1.1% (p<0.001). The intervention group were exposed to group diabetes education (100% vs 0%), more visits (3.8 vs 3.2, p<0.001), more HbA1c tests (2.2 vs 0.9, p<0.001). There was no difference in increased dose of insulin between the groups or between POC and standard laboratory intervention sub-groups.

Conclusion: The introduction of group diabetes education was the most likely explanation for improved glycaemic control in this poor, under-resourced, public sector, peri-urban setting. The study demonstrates a feasible approach to improving diabetes care in the South African context.

Keywords: Diabetes group education; Diabetes mellitus; Guideline implementation; Patient education and counselling; Point-of-care testing; Primary care; Primary health care.

Publication types

  • Clinical Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Blood Glucose / drug effects*
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Community Health Centers
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / diagnosis
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy*
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Female
  • Glycated Hemoglobin / metabolism*
  • Glycemic Control* / adverse effects
  • Group Processes
  • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / adverse effects
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Office Visits
  • Patient Education as Topic
  • Point-of-Care Testing
  • Primary Health Care
  • South Africa
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Blood Glucose
  • Glycated Hemoglobin A
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • hemoglobin A1c protein, human