P-Superdoped Graphene: Synthesis and Magnetic Properties

Lihua Lin; Lin Fu; Kaiyu Zhang; Jie Chen; Weili Zhang; Shaolong Tang; Youwei Du; Nujiang Tang

doi:10.1021/acsami.9b11505

P-Superdoped Graphene: Synthesis and Magnetic Properties

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019 Oct 23;11(42):39062-39067. doi: 10.1021/acsami.9b11505. Epub 2019 Oct 11.

Authors

Lihua Lin^{1

2}, Lin Fu¹, Kaiyu Zhang¹, Jie Chen¹, Weili Zhang¹, Shaolong Tang¹, Youwei Du¹, Nujiang Tang¹

Affiliations

¹ National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , China.
² University Physics Experiment Center , University of Shanghai for Science and Technology , Shanghai 200093 , China.

PMID: 31564093
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11505

Abstract

Phosphorus (P)-doping in vacancies of graphene sheets can significantly change graphene's physical and chemical properties. Generally, a high level for P-doping is difficult due to the low concentration of vacancy but is needed to synthesize graphene with the perfect properties. Herein, we synthesized the P-superdoped graphene with the very high P content of 6.40 at. % by thermal annealing of fluorographite (FGi) in P vapor. Moreover, we show that the P-doping level can be adjusted in the wide range from 2.86 to 6.40 at. % by changing the mass ratio of red phosphorus to FGi. The magnetic results show that (i) P-doping can effectively create localized magnetic moments in graphene; (ii) the higher the doping level of sp³-type PO_x groups, the higher the magnetization of P-superdoped graphene is; and (iii) the high P-doping levels can lead to the coexistence of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic behavior. It is proposed that the sp³-type PO_x groups are the major magnetic sources.

Keywords: ferromagnetism; graphene; magnetism; phosphorus-doping; synthesis.