Are Conditioned Open Placebos Feasible as an Adjunctive Treatment to Opioids? Results from a Single-Group Dose-Extender Pilot Study with Acute Pain Patients

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA, michael_bernstein@brown.edu.
• ² Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
• ³ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
• ⁴ Program in Placebo Studies, General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
• ⁵ School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
• ⁶ Medicine and Epidemiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
• ⁷ The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Health Services Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.