Enhancement of Photorefraction in Vanadium-Doped Lithium Niobate through Iron and Zirconium Co-Doping

Shahzad Saeed; Hongde Liu; Liyun Xue; Dahuai Zheng; Shiguo Liu; Shaolin Chen; Yongfa Kong; Romano Rupp; Jingjun Xu

doi:10.3390/ma12193143

Enhancement of Photorefraction in Vanadium-Doped Lithium Niobate through Iron and Zirconium Co-Doping

Materials (Basel). 2019 Sep 26;12(19):3143. doi: 10.3390/ma12193143.

Authors

Shahzad Saeed¹, Hongde Liu², Liyun Xue³, Dahuai Zheng⁴, Shiguo Liu⁵, Shaolin Chen⁶, Yongfa Kong⁷, Romano Rupp^{8

9}, Jingjun Xu¹⁰

Affiliations

¹ The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. shehzadsaeed2003@yahoo.com.
² The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. liuhd97@nankai.edu.cn.
³ The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. 1120150044@mail.nankai.edu.cn.
⁴ The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. dhzheng@nankai.edu.cn.
⁵ The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. nkliusg@nankai.edu.cn.
⁶ The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. chenshaolin@nankai.edu.cn.
⁷ The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. kongyf@nankai.edu.cn.
⁸ Faculty of Physics, Vienna University, A-1090 Wien, Austria. romano.rupp@univie.ac.at.
⁹ Department of Complex Matter, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. romano.rupp@univie.ac.at.
¹⁰ The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, School of Physics and TEDA Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China. jjxu@nankai.edu.cn.

Abstract

A series of mono-, double-, and tri-doped LiNbO₃ crystals with vanadium were grown by Czochralski method, and their photorefractive properties were investigated. The response time for 0.1 mol% vanadium, 4.0 mol% zirconium, and 0.03 wt.% iron co-doped lithium niobate crystal at 488 nm was shortened to 0.53 s, which is three orders of magnitude shorter than the mono-iron-doped lithium niobate, with a maintained high diffraction efficiency of 57% and an excellent sensitivity of 9.2 cm/J. The Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and OH^- absorption spectra were studied for all crystals tested. The defect structure is discussed, and a defect energy level diagram is proposed. The results show that vanadium, zirconium, and iron co-doped lithium niobate crystals with fast response and a moderately large diffraction efficiency can become another good candidate material for 3D-holographic storage and dynamic holography applications.

Keywords: lithium niobate; optical storage materials; photorefractive properties; vanadium; zirconium and iron co-doped.

Abstract

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