Excess Heat Production by the Pair Annihilation of Ionic Vacancies in Copper Redox Reactions

Makoto Miura; Atsushi Sugiyama; Yoshinobu Oshikiri; Ryoichi Morimoto; Iwao Mogi; Miki Miura; Satoshi Takagi; Jeonghun Kim; Yusuke Yamauchi; Ryoichi Aogaki

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-49310-x

Excess Heat Production by the Pair Annihilation of Ionic Vacancies in Copper Redox Reactions

Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 23;9(1):13695. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49310-x.

Authors

Makoto Miura¹, Atsushi Sugiyama^{2

3

4}, Yoshinobu Oshikiri⁵, Ryoichi Morimoto⁶, Iwao Mogi⁷, Miki Miura⁸, Satoshi Takagi⁹, Jeonghun Kim¹⁰, Yusuke Yamauchi^{11

12}, Ryoichi Aogaki^{13

14}

Affiliations

¹ Hokkaido Polytechnic College, Otaru, Hokkaido, 047-0292, Japan. miura@hokkaido-pc.ac.jp.
² Yoshino Denka Kogyo, Inc., Yoshikawa, Saitama, 342-0008, Japan.
³ Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan.
⁴ International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan.
⁵ Yamagata College of Industry and Technology, Matsuei, Yamagata, 990-2473, Japan.
⁶ Saitama Industrial Technology Center, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 333-0844, Japan.
⁷ Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
⁸ Polytechnic Center Kimitsu, Kimitsu, Chiba, 299-1142, Japan.
⁹ Graduate School of Symbiotic Systems Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
¹⁰ School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
¹¹ International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan. YAMAUCHI.Yusuke@nims.go.jp.
¹² School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. YAMAUCHI.Yusuke@nims.go.jp.
¹³ International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan. AOGAKI.Ryoichi@nims.go.jp.
¹⁴ Polytechnic University, Sumida, Tokyo, 130-0026, Japan. AOGAKI.Ryoichi@nims.go.jp.

Abstract

In the pair annihilation of ionic vacancies with opposite charges, a drastic excess heat production up to 410 kJ mol^-1 in average at 10 T (i. e., 1.5 times larger than the heat production by the combustion of H₂, 285.8 kJ mol^-1) was observed, which was then attributed to the emission of the solvation energy stored in 0.61 nm radius vacancies with two unit charges. Under a high magnetic field, using Lorentz force, we made ionic vacancies created in copper cathodic and anodic reactions collide with each other, and measured the reaction heat by their annihilation. Ionic vacancy is initially created as a byproduct in electrode reaction in keeping the conservation of linear momentum and electric charge during electron transfer. The unstable polarized particle is stabilized by solvation, and the solvation energy is stored in the free space of the order of 0.1 nm surrounded by oppositely charged ionic cloud. The collision of the ionic vacancies was carried out by circulation-type magnetohydrodynamic electrode (c-type MHDE) composed of a rectangular channel with a pair of copper electrodes and a narrow electrolysis cell.