The 150th anniversary of the periodic table of elements highlights its tremendous role in chemistry, physics, biology, astronomy, philosophy, and engineering as a shining scientific breakthrough, shedding light on the fundamental laws of nature. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are multidisciplinary, focusing on nanoscale materials and processes, in which a variety of elements are used and single atoms are often manipulated. In this Perspective, we present a new viewpoint on what the renown periodic table can offer to researchers working on nanomaterials.