[Biliary microbiote in cholecystectomized patients: Review of empirical antibiotherapy]

Rev Esp Quimioter. 2019 Oct;32(5):426-431. Epub 2019 Sep 18.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Objective: Cholecystitis is an important cause of hospital admission. In moderate or severe cholecystitis, the delay in treatment can lead to serious complications. Our objective is to analyze the microorganisms isolated in bile from cholecystectomized patients and their sensitivity pattern, to evaluate the empirical treatment in those cases in which the surgical removal of the gallbladder should be delayed.

Methods: Prospective descriptive study of biliary cultures of patients undergoing cholecystectomy from May 2013 to February 2015, in the Surgery Department of the Hospital General Universitari de Castelló.

Results: We studied 196 patients, 83 women (42.3%) and 113 men (57.7%), with an average age of 61.5 years. The most used antibiotics as empiric treatment were piperacillin/tazobactam (77.8%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic (14.8%). In 46.4% of patients (91/196) bile cultures were positive. 165 microorganisms were isolated. The majority were Gram-negative bacilli (60.5%), mainly of the Enterobacterales order (91/54.5%), with Escherichia coli being the most frequent microorganism (24%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (12.5%). 3 E. coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and 1 K. pneumoniae with ESBL were isolated. Microorganisms producing carbapenemase and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were not isolated.

Conclusions: The bile microbiota, with a predominance of Enterobacterales is similar to that found in european studies..

Introducción: La colecistitis constituye una importante causa de ingreso hospitalario. En colecistitis moderada o severa, el retraso en el tratamiento puede acarrear complicaciones graves. Nuestro objetivo es analizar los microorganismos aislados en bilis de pacientes colecistectomizados y su patrón de sensibilidad para evaluar el tratamiento empírico en aquellos casos en que la extirpación quirúrgica de la vesícula deba demorarse.

Pacientes y métodos: Estudio descriptivo prospectivo de los cultivos biliares de pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía desde mayo de 2013 hasta febrero de 2015, en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital General Universitario de Castellón.

Resultados: Se estudiaron 196 pacientes, 83 mujeres (42,3%) y 113 hombres (57,7%), con una media de edad de 61,5 años. Los antibióticos más utilizados como tratamiento empírico fueron piperacilina/tazobactam (77,8%) y amoxicilina/clavulánico (14,8%). En el 46,4% de los pacientes (91/196) los cultivos de bilis fueron positivos. Se aislaron un total de 165 microorganismos. La mayoría eran bacilos gramnegativos (60,5%), principalmente Enterobacterales (91/54,5%), siendo Escherichia coli el microorganismo más frecuente (24%) seguido de Klebsiella spp. (12,5%). Se aislaron 3 E. coli productoras de betalactamasa de espectro extendido (BLEE) y 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae BLEE. No se aislaron microorganismos productores de carbapenemasa ni Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina.

Conclusión: La microbiota biliar, con predominio de Enterobacterales, es similar a la encontrada en estudios europeos.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Bile / microbiology*
  • Cholecystectomy*
  • Cholecystitis / microbiology*
  • Cholecystitis / surgery
  • Ciprofloxacin / therapeutic use
  • Escherichia coli / isolation & purification
  • Female
  • Gram-Negative Bacteria / isolation & purification
  • Humans
  • Klebsiella / isolation & purification
  • Male
  • Metronidazole / therapeutic use
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Microbiota*
  • Middle Aged
  • Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination / therapeutic use
  • Prospective Studies
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Metronidazole
  • Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination