Population structure of Aphyocypris normalis: phylogeography and systematics

Xiao-Xia Huang; Kui-Ching Hsu; Bin Kang; Po-Hsun Kuo; Wan-Hsin Tsai; Chih-Ming Liang; Hung-Du Lin; Wei-Kuang Wang

doi:10.3897/zookeys.872.33105

Population structure of Aphyocypris normalis: phylogeography and systematics

Zookeys. 2019 Aug 26:872:77-90. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.872.33105. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Xiao-Xia Huang¹, Kui-Ching Hsu², Bin Kang³, Po-Hsun Kuo⁴, Wan-Hsin Tsai⁵, Chih-Ming Liang⁵, Hung-Du Lin⁶, Wei-Kuang Wang⁵

Affiliations

¹ Key laboratory of atmospheric environment and processes in the boundary layer over the low-latitude plateau region, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China Yunnan University Kunming China.
² College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China Guangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang China.
³ College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China Ocean University of China Qingdao China.
⁴ Department of Industrial Management, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan.
⁵ Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan.
⁶ The Affiliated School of National Tainan First Senior High School, Tainan 701, Taiwan The Affiliated School of National Tainan First Senior High School Tainan Taiwan.

Abstract

Aphyocypris normalis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) is an endemic species in South China, but little is known about its genetic structure. This study examined the population structure of A. normalis using sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region and cytochrome b gene (2,086 bp). In total, 107 specimens were collected from nine populations. All 105 mtDNA haplotypes were identified as belonging to two allopatric phylogroups. The results of a statistical dispersal-vicariance analysis (S-DIVA) suggested that the ancestral populations of A. normalis were distributed widely on Hainan Island and east of the Leizhou Peninsula. A comparison of the fixation indices N_ST (0.532) and G_ST (0.004) revealed that the phylogeny and geography had a significant relationship. Our study found that (1) the Wuzhishan and Yinggeling Mountain Range was an important barrier limiting gene exchange between populations on both sides; (2) cyclic climate changes may have shaped migrations and population differentiations; and (3) different colonization times caused different population diversities between codistributed species. In addition, the inter- and intraspecific diversities of the genus Aphyocypris were estimated.

Keywords: Dispersal; Hainan Peninsula; Vicariance; Wuzhishan and Yinggeling Mountains Range.

Grants and funding

the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 103-2221-E-035-003-MY3) and the National Science Foundation of China ((No. 41476149 and No. 31560181)