Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents over 85% of all lung cancers, and up to 50% of Asian NSCLC patients harboring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations. A number of studies have consistently demonstrated that uncommon EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients treated with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) can achieve better survival outcomes. However, because uncommon EGFR mutations are generally associated with reduced sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs, which will bring a negative impact on the result of the study, the majority of clinical trials investigating the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs have included only patients with common EGFR mutations. In addition, uncommon EGFR mutations are rare in themselves, leading to the small number of such patients enrolled in these trials. Due to the small number and highly heterogeneous sensitivity of uncommon EGFR mutations, the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in patients harboring uncommon EGFR mutations remains elusive. This article reviews the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs in patients with uncommon EGFR mutations, and give some reasonable advice about the selection of treatments for patients with NSCLC who harbor uncommon EGFR mutations.
【中文题目：EGFR-TKIs治疗非小细胞肺癌EGFR罕见突变的研究进展】 【中文摘要：肺癌是目前最常见的癌症，也是导致癌症死亡的首要原因。非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）占85%以上，且高达50%的亚洲NSCLC患者携带表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）基因突变。研究证明，伴有EGFR突变的NSCLC患者接受表皮生长因子受体-酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, EGFR-TKIs）治疗能获得更好的生存结果。然而，因为EGFR罕见突变相对治疗效果较差，会对研究结果带来负面影响，所以大部分研究EGFR-TKIs疗效的临床试验都不包含罕见突变患者，另外EGFR罕见突变本身就少见，就导致临床试验中这部分患者数量较少。由于EGFR罕见突变样本量少且具有高度异质性，EGFR-TKIs对EGFR罕见突变患者的疗效仍然不清楚。本文就EGFR罕见突变与EGFR-TKIs的疗效关系进行综述，为携带EGFR罕见突变的NSCLC患者合理选择治疗方式提供指导和建议。】 【中文关键词：表皮生长因子受体；罕见突变；酪氨酸激酶抑制剂；肺肿瘤】.
Keywords: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; Lung neoplasms; Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor; Uncommon Mutation.