Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread neurodegenerative disease; there are around ten million new cases of Alzheimer yearly worldwide especially in middle or low-income countries. Pistacia is a genus of flowering plants including the well-known, economically important P. chinensis Bunge, P. lentiscus L. and P. khinjuk. In this study, the metabolic profiling of Pistacia leaves extracts was achieved via UHPLC-ESI-MS analysis and GC-MS analysis employing chemometric analysis for their discrimination. In addition, the methanolic extracts of different Pistacia species were assessed for their anti-cholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activities by various in vitro assays. 37 and 30 metabolites belonging to different classes were identified by UHPLC-ESI-MS and GC-MS analyses respectively. Chemometric analysis revealed that P. lentiscus and P. khinjuk were more closely related chemically to each other. All studied Pistacia leaves extracts showed apparent anti-cholinesterase and anti-inflammatory activities, which promotes their use in the prevention and management of AD.
Keywords:
Anti-choline esterase; Anti-inflammatory activities; GC–MS; Pistacia; UHPLC-ESI-MS.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Acetylcholinesterase / metabolism
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Alzheimer Disease / drug therapy
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / chemistry
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / isolation & purification
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology*
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Cholinesterase Inhibitors / chemistry
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Cholinesterase Inhibitors / isolation & purification
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Cholinesterase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods
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Enzyme Assays
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Erythrocytes
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GPI-Linked Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors
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GPI-Linked Proteins / metabolism
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Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / methods
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Healthy Volunteers
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Hemolysis / drug effects
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Humans
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Memory / drug effects*
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Metabolomics / methods
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Oils, Volatile / chemistry
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Oils, Volatile / isolation & purification
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Oils, Volatile / pharmacology
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Pistacia / chemistry*
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Pistacia / metabolism
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Plant Extracts / chemistry
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Plant Extracts / isolation & purification
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Plant Extracts / pharmacology*
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Plant Leaves / chemistry
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Plant Leaves / metabolism
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Plant Oils / chemistry
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Plant Oils / isolation & purification
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Plant Oils / pharmacology
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Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / methods
Substances
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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Cholinesterase Inhibitors
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GPI-Linked Proteins
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Oils, Volatile
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Plant Extracts
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Plant Oils
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ACHE protein, human
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Acetylcholinesterase