Developments in the management of critically ill patients suffering organ dysfunctions have demonstrated that brain is the prominent organ to be effected during critical illness. Acute brain dysfunction due to pathologic neuroinflammatory processes associated with sepsis is commonly seen and related to morbidity and mortality in the ICU treatment. Studies reported that survivors of sepsis may suffer long-term cognitive dysfunction that affects quality of life. However, there are no specific approaches to diagnose acute brain dysfunction in the early phase to target protective measures. In recent years, imaging methods and biomarkers are the most important issues of studies. This review will address the current diagnostic approaches to acute brain dysfunction related to sepsis.
Keywords: Delirium; Neuroimaging; Neuroinflammation; Septic encephalopathy.