Feasibility of Identifying Patients at High Risk of Hereditary Gastric Cancer Based on Clinicopathological Variables

Abstract

Background/aim: Multiplex gene panel tests using next-generation sequencing (NGS) are clinically available for gastric cancer (GC). The NGS tests can reveal unexpected pathogenic variants to be associated with hereditary diseases, i.e., secondary genetic findings. We investigated whether GC patients at high risk of having hereditary gastric cancer (HGC) can be identified by their clinicopathological variables before they undergo NGS cancer gene panel tests.

Patients and methods: The cases of 2,286 patients with GC treated at our hospital during the years 1999-2017 were retrospectively analyzed; of them, 143 patients were identified as being at high risk of having HGC (HR-HGC), and the remaining 2,143 patients were classified as having sporadic gastric cancer (SGC).

Results: Compared to the SGC group, the HR-HGC status was significantly associated with younger age, female gender, macroscopic type IV and a histologically diffuse type. In a multivariate analysis, being young (i.e., ≤50 years old) was an independent risk factor for HR-HGC.

Conclusion: Female and young patients with diffuse-type GC are closely associated with a high risk of having HGC, and these factors might predict the detection of secondary genetic findings by NGS testing.

Keywords: Hereditary gastric cancer; diffuse-type; female.