Generational 'othering': The myth of the Millennial learner

Abstract

Context: The health professions education (HPE) literature is replete with recommendations for how educators should adapt practices to the needs of generations of learners using generation theory to bridge perceived differences between learners and educators. Yet the evidence supporting the application of generation theory in HPE has not been critically examined. If unsubstantiated, these applications may perpetuate biases towards learners they are intended to support.

Methods: This paper critically reviews generation theory in the HPE literature, with particular focus on recent recommendations regarding "Millennial" learners. We used Google Scholar, MEDLINE, EBSCO, JSTOR and PsycINFO to search for articles pertaining to the origins and uses of generation theory within and outside HPE. This synthesis is presented as a preliminary understanding of how ideas of generation theory arose and permeated the HPE literature, and explores the effects of generation theory on education practices.

Results: In the HPE literature, the translation of generation theory into practice recommendations generally follows a pattern consistent with translations advanced in other literatures: broad generalisations drawn from limited data are used as evidence to support instructional approaches specifically designed for generational cohorts. Outside HPE, this application of generation theory has been criticised as a form of stereotyping that ignores the internal differences and diversity inherent in any large group of people. Accordingly, problematising the needs of generations such as "Millennial" learners in the HPE literature may perpetuate narrow or privileged assumptions by educators.

Conclusions: Generational archetypes such as that of the "Millennial learner" are myths that perpetuate unfounded generalisations about cohorts, reinforce power differentials between age groups, and minimise the unique needs of individuals. To individualise and strengthen teaching practices in HPE, we recommend adopting "generational humility" as a means to more purposefully address the dynamic social, cultural and historical influences that shape individuals within each generation of learners.