Integrative countercurrent chromatography for the target isolation of lysine-specific demethylase 1 inhibitors from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza

Abstract

The ability to separate bioactive compounds from herbal medicines, which contain abundant components, is crucial for drug discovery. Conventional Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) methods for separating bioactive compounds are labor intensive and show low efficiency. Here, we present a novel integrative CCC method for separating lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitors from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (RSM). The methanol extracts of RSM were separated into hydrosoluble and liposoluble fractions, which were online stored in coils. Subsequently, the targeting LSD1 constituents were isolated using isocratic, gradient, or recycling elution mode. All separation processes could be accomplished using one CCC apparatus. Using our separation strategy, two phenylpropanoids and four tanshinones were isolated, which were determined to be new classes of natural LSD1 inhibitors. Salvianolic acid B, which showed the most potent inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ of 0.11 μM, exhibiting a considerable potential as an anticancer agent. Promisingly, the integrative CCC could be a crucial tool for the target separation of enzyme inhibitors from herbal medicines.

Keywords: Bioactivity-guided separation; Integrative countercurrent chromatography; Lysine-specific demethylase 1 inhibitor; Online-storage; Salvianolic acid B.